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The Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE) study in South Sudan highlights some key findings and emerging issues. Conducted using qualitative methods with seven respondents from diverse backgrounds, including government officials, NGOs and civil society representatives, the study sheds light on complex factors contributes to violent extremism in the country. South Sudan has experienced two major conflicts since gaining independence, accompanied by intercommunal violence, tribalism, power struggles and mismanagement of natural resources.
Key findings indicate that the root causes of violence including inter-communal violence, tribalism, resource management and power struggles are the main causes of extremist violence, socio-economic challenges, gender disparities, political grievances and injustice caused by extremism and limited participation of women make the problem worse, inadequate governance, tribalism and poor resource management contribute to ongoing conflict. And marital problems, cattle struggles, political power struggles and the availability of weapons pose threats that are important causes of violence. Violent extremism thrives in contexts of political instability, economic exclusion and gender disparity. Poor governance, corruption and lack of law enforcement perpetuate violence. And current policies are not being enforced, hindering progress in the fight against extremism.
Approaches to countering violent extremism include community engagement and awareness-raising, as well as addressing except military equipment and education. Engaging communities and raising awareness about the impact of violent extremism and past conflicts are essential strategies. Recognizing peace agreements and promoting solidarity between different ethnic communities can help prevent future violence. Disarming civilians and ensuring equal access to education are essential. Redistribute resources equitably, strengthen service delivery, expand state presence to rural areas, and manage the influence of external factors, such as reducing the influence of Islam teachers, are recommended solutions.
PCVE stakeholders in South Sudan include the government, military, police, national security agencies and civil society organizations. However, some respondents had limited knowledge of the PCVE concept. Although little information was available about existing PCVE programs, several respondents mentioned the Bill of Rights and initiatives related to security force training and outreach to organizations. Gender inclusion, commissioned by R-ARCSS with 35 strong actions to encourage women’s participation, is facing implementation challenges due to existing patronage networks and male dominance in politics.
This research was submitted to Horn International Institute for Strategic studies.
